St. Andrew Catholic Church

Pope Leo XIV waves to those gathered for Mass on the solemnity of Corpus Christi on Sunday, June 22, 2025, in Rome. / Credit: Vatican Media

ACI Prensa Staff, Jun 24, 2025 / 14:47 pm (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV on Tuesday said he was “deeply saddened” by the terrorist attack on a church in Damascus, Syria, and assured his prayers for those mourning the 25 people who were killed.

On Sunday, June 22, the solemnity of Corpus Christi, eyewitnesses reported that two armed men stormed the Greek Orthodox Church of St. Elias in Douailah on the outskirts of the Syrian capital.

One of them remained outside, firing at worshippers and into the church’s stained-glass windows, eyewitnesses said, while the second tried to enter the church and detonate a grenade, according to ACI MENA, CNA’s Arabic-language news partner.

Two parishioners intervened and managed to wrestle the explosive device away from the second man, preventing an immediate detonation. However, while being dragged outside, the attacker activated his suicide belt, resulting in a massive explosion.

The attack left at least 25 dead and a total of 63 wounded.

The Holy See Press Office released a telegram of condolence from Pope Leo XIV on June 24 signed by Secretary of State Cardinal Pietro Parolin.

In the message, the pontiff expressed his profound sadness after receiving news of “the loss of life and the destruction caused by the attack on the Greek Orthodox Church of Mar Elias in Damascus.”

In light of the brutal attack, the first since the fall of the Assad regime in December 2024, the Holy Father also expressed “his heartfelt solidarity with all those affected.”

“In entrusting the souls of the deceased to the loving mercy of our heavenly Father, His Holiness likewise prays for those who mourn their loss,” the telegram read.

Leo XIV also assured his prayers “for the recovery of the injured” and invoked “the Almighty’s gifts of consolation, healing, and peace upon the nation.”

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

Cardinal Pierbattista Pizzaballa, the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem, in an interview with ACI MENA, CNA’s Arabic-language news partner, emphasized that the Catholic Church in the Holy Land must remain “open”: “The Church must remain open and accessible to all. This is absolutely essential. Everyone must be able to reach us, we must be a point of connection for everyone.” / Credit: Cristian Gennari/OESSH (Anba Agency)

ACI MENA, Jun 24, 2025 / 14:17 pm (CNA).

Cardinal Pierbattista Pizzaballa, the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem, in an exclusive interview with ACI MENA, CNA’s Arabic-language news partner, emphasized that the Catholic Church in the Holy Land is “more active than people might think,” noting that many of its initiatives and efforts take place away from the spotlight “so that we can be more effective.”

His remarks came in response to the recent escalation of violence between Iran and Israel.

The cardinal also stressed the importance of openness. “The Church must remain open and accessible to all. This is absolutely essential,” he said. “Everyone must be able to reach us; we must be a point of connection for everyone.”

Commenting on the region’s complex political landscape, the cardinal sent a clear message to political leaders: “The path forward does not lie in military action but in dreaming of the future and building hope for it,” he said. “Force, violence, and war do not build anything. They destroy people, land, relationships, and wipe out hope in the future.”

As regional tensions escalate, the cardinal warned that the suffering in the Holy Land, especially in Gaza and the West Bank, risks being forgotten amid the noise of larger global crises. “We’ve been speaking out. Even yesterday, the pope said this war is making us forget about Gaza’s tragedy and that of the West Bank.”

“We must keep speaking, writing, and maintaining ties with churches around the world to remind them that the situation here is extremely complex and that we cannot forget the weakest and the poorest,” he said.

Addressing the daily challenges in the Holy Land, Pizzaballa highlighted the growing obstacles Christian families face in reaching their churches due to military checkpoints and repeated closures, which make pastoral activities nearly impossible.

“The first obstacle, above all else, is the state of emergency. Transportation has become a serious issue — no one knows when roads will be open or closed,” he said. With a sense of sadness, he added: “We invested so much effort and money to send our youth to Rome for the jubilee, and now everything has been frozen, suspended, and canceled.”

Despite these challenges, the cardinal affirmed the Church’s ongoing humanitarian work in both the West Bank and Gaza. “We’ve created hundreds of job opportunities, and we’re distributing food vouchers and aid. We’re present in a strong way, even in Gaza; we try to get in the essentials, despite how difficult it is,” he said.

When asked how, as patriarch of Jerusalem, he personally continues to cope with the crisis, Pizzaballa replied: “Most of the time lately, I feel helpless. I want to do so much, to write, to visit, to be present, but not everything is possible.” 

He continued: “Our primary concern is our community in Gaza: to support them, to be present for them, to not abandon them. This is of utmost importance.” 

Pizzaballa said the Christians in Gaza “have become a symbol of our Christian community.” 

“So too is the unity of the Church,” he said. “These geographic divisions, the separation, the barriers, they isolate us. So how can we preserve connection and unity? Because without unity, there is no true sense of belonging.”

This story was first published by ACI MENA, CNA’s Arabic-language news partner, and has been translated for and adapted by CNA.

Seminarian Thomas Hammen smiles in view of St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome on Tuesday. June 24, 2025. / Credit: Courtney Mares/CNA

Vatican City, Jun 24, 2025 / 13:47 pm (CNA).

More than 2,500 seminarians from 57 countries converged on Rome this week to pray at the tomb of St. Peter, receive a blessing from Pope Leo XIV, and celebrate their vocations in the Jubilee of Seminarians. 

“Thank you for courageously accepting the Lord’s invitation to follow him, to be disciples, to enter the seminary. You have to be courageous and not be afraid,” Pope Leo XIV told the young men gathered in St. Peter’s Basilica on June 24. 

“As Christ loved with the heart of man, you are called to love with the heart of Christ!” the pope said in his catechesis to the seminarians, urging them to “love with the heart of Jesus.” 

Over two days, the jubilee pilgrims prayed the rosary together at the tomb of St. Paul, passed through the Holy Doors of the basilicas in Rome, and knelt before the Eucharist in adoration. Among them were seminarians from Albania to Argentina, India to Italy, and the United States to Ukraine — each carrying his own story of how God called him to the priesthood. 

Here are nine seminarians who shared how they heard the call to the priesthood: 

Thomas Hammen, 28, Diocese of Pensacola-Tallahassee, Florida 

“I think a key message is that we’re made to give ourselves away in love, while the culture says to only live for yourself… In my college years specifically, I experienced having everything the world told me that would make me happy and like Pope Leo has been saying over and over again, quoting St. Augustine, ‘my heart was restless.’

“Thankfully at Florida State University, I had an awesome friend who invited me on a retreat, and it was on that retreat where there was Eucharistic adoration that I heard the truth that my heart is made for God and when I live for him I come fully alive and I’m able to step into the mission that he has for me. 

“I’d say my vocation is a result of God showing me mercy … and from knowing that I’m loved, that comes a great conviction that I’m chosen for something great and that’s really the source of my entire vocation to be a priest.” 

Hammen hopes to be ordained in 2030. 

Joseph Mlawa, Archdiocese of Agrigento, Italy 

“I’m from Tanzania and now I’m a seminarian in Sicily.” 

“Since I was little, I wanted to become a priest. However, it was a bit difficult because my parents died in 2006. But in 2015, there were missionaries who came to my parish and they helped me to come here to Italy to fulfill the calling of my vocation … They helped to pay my tuition for the nine years.” 

Thomas Stanczak, 35, Archdiocese of Milwaukee

A recent convert from Protestantism, Stanczak said he “read” his way into the Church.  

“I think, as St. John Henry Newman says, ‘to be deep in history is to cease to be Protestant,’” he said. 

“I really felt a very strong call from the Lord during Mass … and when the Lord says for you to do something, it’s hard to say no.” 

In Rome, he has had a “wonderful experience” going to the churches from “the different ancient martyrs and saints that we pray in the Roman canon, seeing Cosmos and Damien’s church, John and Paul, Agnes and Lucy.” 

“All these different wonderful saints have really helped me connect in a special way to the universal Church.”  

He hopes to be ordained in 2030. 

Pietro, 24, Diocese of Locri-Gerace, Calabria, Italy 

“I have to say that like St. Peter, I gave the Lord a lot of resistance. Finally, he somehow ‘pulled me by the ears,’ as we say… Slowly, with his strength, [the Lord] showed me day by day what is the meaning of my vocation, not only my vocation to the priesthood, but also to follow him with all my heart, as far as he will lead me, even to the point of giving my life.”

“There are so many challenges, as there always have been, and so I think if the Church continues to trust and rely on the Holy Spirit, then she will overcome them all.”

Carlos Bárcenas, 26, Archdiocese of Panama

“The restlessness was already within me from my mother’s womb,” Bárcenas joked. 

While studying mechanical engineering, he “realized that [God] was asking me for something more.

“I want to be above all credible, acceptable, and consistent with Christian life,” he said. 

Pepe Zinkewich, 26, Archdiocese of Los Angeles 

“I’m No. 9 of 10 kids. I grew up in a very heavily Catholic family … but I didn’t really feel called to the priesthood until I went away for college. It was there that I got in contact with a very holy priest who loved the Eucharist and would die for it. And that really inspired me to follow Christ and devote myself to his Church.”

“Through prayer and spiritual direction, I found my vocation to the diocesan seminary, and I’ve loved every minute of it. Ever since I entered, I thought the priesthood was going to be quiet and simple, but it has turned out to be the adventure of a lifetime!”

Zinkewich hopes to be ordained in 2029.

José Ylef Felicidad, 22, Diocese of Arecibo, Puerto Rico 

“I felt the call when I was 20 years old. It was through a priest friend of mine. Literally, the Lord was transfigured in him and he told me a phrase that moved me: ‘He needs you.’ His face changed to that of Jesus, but without ceasing to be him. It was extraordinary.” 

Felicidad’s greatest aspiration is to leave behind “everything for the Lord and for the holy people of God.”

Randy Marfo, 25, from Ghana 

Marfo discovered his vocation at a young age when he was serving as an altar boy. This experience motivated him to follow a vocation to the priesthood. 

“The biggest problem that my country is facing is that the population of Catholics is decreasing in these days because some of the priests are not doing what is expected of them, so Church members are leaving to other denominations, like Pentecostals or the Baptists.” 

He hopes to be ordained in 2030.

William Iván Sánchez Velázquez, Diocese of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 

“I have been in the seminary for seven years now,” he said. “I met with the bishop and, as soon as I finished school, I went straight to the seminary.”

His hope is to become a priest who resembles “the Good Shepherd” and to be “dedicated to serving my sheep.”

“The Lord himself said: ‘Pray to the Lord of the harvest.’ The Lord provides. I firmly believe that the Lord answers the people who kneel to pray. We should not stop praying for vocations. That’s the only thing to do: pray, pray, pray.”

The Rome Experience 

The American seminarians taking part in the jubilee are in Italy this summer for the “Rome Experience,” a six-week program to study, pray, and walk in the footsteps of the saints. These seminarians are taking classes on Church history and Christian art and architecture while also making pilgrimages to churches and holy sites throughout Rome.

“While I’ve been here, it’s been so amazing to encounter the saints — to visit where they are buried, to hear their stories,” Hammen said. “My hope is to return to the United States and share what I’ve experienced here.” 

The Jubilee of Seminarians is just one of many spiritual celebrations taking place in Rome during the holy year. Beginning Wednesday, the Vatican will also host a Jubilee of Bishops and a Jubilee of Priests.

Pope Leo XIV meets with the Order of Malta’s grand master, Fra’ John Dunlap, and members of the Order of Malta on June 23, 2025, at the Vatican. / Credit: Vatican Media

Vatican City, Jun 24, 2025 / 13:12 pm (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV in a message to the Order of Malta underlined the order’s religious character, stressing that without evangelization, the knights’ service to the poor is merely philanthropy.

“Do not limit yourself to helping the needs of the poor, but announce to them the love of God with words and testimony. If this were to be lacking, the order would lose its religious character and would be reduced to being an organization with philanthropic purposes,” Leo wrote in a message to the order on the feast of its patron saint, St. John the Baptist.

The pope also met for the first time with the order’s grand master, Fra’ John Dunlap, at the Vatican on June 23.

In his June 24 message, Leo pointed multiple times to the order’s important dual purpose of “tuitio fidei and obsequium pauperum.” (Latin for “protection of faith” and “service to the poor.”)

The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is both a lay religious order of the Catholic Church and a sovereign state subject to international law.

The order adopted a new constitution in 2022, after a long reform process, initiated by Pope Francis in 2017 and fraught by concerns of threat to the group’s sovereignty.

Pope Leo addressed the Order of Malta’s “path of renewal,” stressing that it “cannot be simply institutional, normative: It must first of all be interior, spiritual, because this gives meaning to changes in the rules.”

He supported changes to the order’s constitutional charter and law as “necessary, as several things needed to be clarified, especially the nature of the religious order.”

The Holy Father’s message also talked about the means — economic and personnel that the order relies on in order to carry out its charitable work — and the importance of these aligning with the group’s mission.

“To achieve a good goal the means must be good; but in this field temptation can easily present itself under the guise of good, as an illusion of being able to achieve the good goals that one sets out with means that could later prove not to be in accordance with the will of God,” he said.

The order’s international importance and position as a sovereign body, Leo continued, must never be a pretext for succumbing to temptations to worldliness.

The Order of Malta’s overhaul was also marked by years of changing leadership, beginning with the dismissal of Grand Chancellor Albrecht Freiherr von Boeselager in December 2017.

The grand chancellor’s dismissal followed revelations that the order’s charitable branch, under Boeselager’s leadership, had been involved in distributing condoms in Burma to prevent HIV. The order said the reasons for Boeselager’s dismissal was “much more complex than just the point on contraception,” and one factor was the concealment of “severe problems” within the order during his tenure.

The grand chancellor is one of four high offices — grand commander, grand chancellor, grand hospitaller, and receiver of the common treasure. These positions, which hold five-year terms, make up part of the government of the order, together with councilors of the Sovereign Council, and the grand master, who is elected for 10 years.

Much of the leadership was renewed during elections held in an extraordinary chapter general convened by Pope Francis in January 2023.

Dunlap, a Canadian lawyer who was elected prince and 81st grand master of the Order of Malta in May 2023, had led the order as lieutenant grand master since the year prior when he was appointed by Pope Francis following the sudden death of his predecessor, Fra’ Marco Luzzago.

The Order of Malta had not had a grand master since the death in 2020 of Fra’ Giacomo dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto.

null / Credit: Wolfgang Schaller/Shutterstock

CNA Staff, Jun 24, 2025 / 12:37 pm (CNA).

The Supreme Court this week said it will decide whether prisoners can sue individual prison workers — rather than merely the government itself — over violations of a key U.S. religious liberty law.

The high court on Monday granted certiorari in the case Landor v. Louisiana Department of Corrections and Public Safety. Oral arguments for the case are expected to take place this fall. 

The case concerns Damon Landor, a Rastafarian who as part of his religious belief took the “Nazarite Vow” to let his hair grow out. While incarcerated at the Raymond Laborde Correctional Center in Cottonport, Louisiana, a guard shaved Landor’s head, cutting off nearly two decades’ worth of hair. 

Landor sued the state government under the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act, a law that the U.S. Department of Justice says requires states to “not place arbitrary or unnecessary restrictions on religious practice.” 

Notably, Landor also sued the facility’s warden, Marcus Myers, in the latter’s individual capacity as well as Louisiana Department of Corrections Secretary James LeBlanc.

Both a district court and the U.S Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit dismissed the personal lawsuits, citing precedent barring such actions. Individuals “cannot seek money damages from officials in their individual capacities,” the appeals court ruled.

The Supreme Court’s ruling could either affirm the lower court rulings or explicitly expand the religious freedom law to allow individual lawsuits.

In May, the federal government filed an amicus brief in support of Landor, citing earlier Supreme Court decisions that suggested the law allows for individual lawsuits. 

The issue is “undeniably important,” the government said in its filing, arguing that the religious liberty law was meant to be “broadly interpreted to protect religious exercise to the fullest extent allowed.”

In addition to its protections for prisoners, the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act — passed in 2000 — protects “individuals, houses of worship, and other religious institutions from discrimination in zoning and landmarking laws,” according to the Department of Justice. 

The measure “prohibits zoning and landmarking laws” that “substantially burden the religious exercise of churches or other religious assemblies or institutions.”

Any burdens in zoning laws should be accomplished with “the least restrictive means of furthering a compelling governmental interest,” the government said.

Statue of St. John the Baptist with golden cross, Charles Bridge, Prague, Czech Republic. / Credit: Oldrich Barak/Shutterstock

Rome Newsroom, Jun 24, 2025 / 11:13 am (CNA).

St. John the Baptist, the forerunner of Christ, is one of only three people in history — after Jesus and Mary — whose birthday is celebrated in the Church’s liturgy.

In fact, the Nativity of St. John the Baptist on June 24 is a solemnity, meaning it is the highest form of Catholic feast day. And because it falls exactly six months before the solemnity of the Nativity of Our Lord, it is sometimes known as “summer Christmas.”

“The Church observes the birth of John as in some way sacred; and you will not find any other of the great men of old whose birth we celebrate officially. We celebrate John’s, as we celebrate Christ’s,” St. Augustine of Hippo said in his sermon 293. 

In the Mass for the solemnity, the priest prays to God in the preface that in Christ’s precursor, “St. John the Baptist, we praise your great glory, for you consecrated him for a singular honor among those born of women.”

“His birth brought great rejoicing; even in the womb he leapt for joy at the coming of human salvation. He alone of all the prophets pointed out the Lamb of redemption,” the prayer continues. “And to make holy the flowing waters, he baptized the very author of baptism and was privileged to bear him supreme witness by the shedding of his blood.”

St. Augustine explained that “John, it seems, has been inserted as a kind of boundary between the two Testaments, the Old and the New. That he is somehow or other a boundary is something that the Lord himself indicates when he says, ‘The Law and the prophets were until John.’ So he represents the old and heralds the new. Because he represents the old, he is born of an elderly couple; because he represents the new, he is revealed as a prophet in his mother’s womb.”

John’s connection to Christ

Father Mauro Gagliardi, a theologian and liturgist who teaches in Rome, wrote in a 2009 article on Zenit that it is important to emphasize John the Baptist’s role as “indicator.” John is “a prophet who refers back to Christ.”

The liturgy, Gagliardi said, does the same thing, and thus the June 24 solemnity “reminds us of this: The Christian liturgy is a powerful indicator of Christ to the peoples, like [John] the Baptist.”

John the Baptist’s feast day also has cosmic connections, the theologian pointed out. The fact that June 24 is close to the summer solstice demonstrates the fulfillment of the prophecy in John 3:30 that “he must increase; I must decrease,” since after John’s birthday the days get shorter, or “decrease,” while after Jesus’ birthday on Dec. 25, the days get longer, or “increase.”

“This interweaving between a figure from the history of salvation — John — and the cosmic rhythms (both guided by the same God) has found a fruitful development in the devotion and liturgy of the Church,” Gagliardi said.

Popular customs of ‘summer Christmas’

The Church’s liturgical commemoration of St. John the Baptist dates back to the fourth century.

Acknowledgement of the saint’s importance can also be noted in his shared patronage, together with St. John the Apostle, of Rome’s Archbasilica of St. John Lateran, which is also the seat of the bishop of Rome — that is, the pope.

The night of June 23 is known in some countries, including Italy, as “St. John’s Eve.” Due to the solemnity’s timing, shortly after the summer solstice, some of the practices connected to the feast have a pagan character, including that some refer to it as “the Night of the Witches.”

Modern-day secular festivities may include concerts and theatrical performances, while Catholics usually celebrate Mass and hold religious processions.

One of the most typical customs related to St. John’s Eve, both secular and religious, is the bonfire, called in some countries “St. John’s Fires,” which are lit in honor of the saint who “was not the light, but came to testify to the light (Jn 1:8).” Fireworks or candle-lit processions can also take the place of bonfires.

In an Angelus message on June 25, 2006, Pope Benedict XVI said the feast of St. John the Baptist “reminds us that our life is entirely and always ‘relative’ to Christ and is fulfilled by accepting him, the Word, the Light, and the Bridegroom, whose voices, lamps, and friends we are.”

“‘He must increase, but I must decrease’ (Jn 3:30): The Baptist’s words are a program for every Christian,” Benedict said.

This story was first published on June 24, 2024, and has been updated.

St. Mary Cathedral in Hamburg, Germany. / Credit: John Samuel, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

CNA Deutsch, Jun 24, 2025 / 10:31 am (CNA).

The Archdiocese of Hamburg in Germany has drawn sharp criticism from former Catholic school students and others following the unveiling of a controversial 33-page sexuality education framework that critics say breaks with Catholic teaching on gender and sexual orientation.

The document, titled “Male, Female, Diverse: Framework for Sexual Education at Catholic Schools in the Archdiocese of Hamburg,” is scheduled for implementation across all 15 Catholic school locations in Hamburg beginning with the 2026-2027 school year.

Document demands acceptance

Vicar General Father Sascha-Philipp Geißler, SAC, said during the presentation that the document would not introduce new theology but advocate for “a relationship-ethically based view of love, partnership, marriage, family, and sexuality” while promoting “acceptance of diversity regarding sexual orientations and gender identity.”

The new framework explicitly states that “recognition of different identities and sexual orientations will be actively promoted.”

Under “gender diversity,” the concept encompasses not only traditional male and female identities but also “trans identity, intersexuality, or nonbinary identity.”

Students in upper secondary school will learn about “legal regulations regarding the personal status ‘diverse’ as well as transition.”

As to why these changes are being pushed, Christopher Haep, head of the archdiocese’s education department, said that “perspectives and value systems have changed in recent decades — and therefore we must also be able to provide contemporary answers to children and young people’s questions.”

The controversial German Synodal Way has also promoted gender theory: Delegates in 2023 overwhelmingly voted for a change in Church practices based on transgender ideology.

Alumni articulate ardent opposition

Former students of the Catholic Sophie-Barat-Schule mounted immediate resistance to the proposal, addressing an open letter to responsible officials shortly after the framework’s announcement. The alumni argued that the concept stands “in considerable contradiction to the binding sexual teaching of the Catholic Church.”

Their criticism particularly targets the framework’s demand for “acceptance — not just tolerance — of all sexual orientations and family constellations,” which they argue fundamentally contradicts the Church’s teaching that marriage between a man and a woman represents the only legitimate form of lived sexuality.

The critics also expressed concern about passages describing early childhood sexual experiences, calling such characterizations “highly offensive.”

The Hamburg document contrasts with recent Vatican pronouncements on the topic. Pope Francis repeatedly condemned gender ideology, calling it “the ugliest danger” of our time in March 2024.

Gender ideology, which seeks to blur differences between men and women through movements such as transgenderism, “makes everything the same,” the pontiff said.

In April 2024, the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith issued Dignitas Infinita, which condemned gender theory and emphasized that attempts to “obscure reference to the ineliminable sexual difference between man and woman are to be rejected.”

The document stressed that human life, in all its aspects, is a gift from God and should be accepted with gratitude.

In February, the Vatican’s doctrine chief delivered a pointed critique of gender ideology at a theological conference in Germany.

This story was based on a report published by CNA Deutsch, CNA’s German-language news partner.

Cassandra Baker, now a coordinator for the Catholic Montessori Institute, presents a math lesson introducing the decimal system to a 4-year-old student in spring 2023 at the Christ the King Catholic Montessori Grade School in Mandan, North Dakota. / Credit: Mike McCleary/University of Mary

CNA Staff, Jun 24, 2025 / 07:00 am (CNA).

The University of Mary has launched the world’s first Catholic Montessori Institute (CMI), making the institute the go-to place for certification in Catholic Montessori education.

Montessori has grown popular in both secular and religious spaces since its founding by Dr. Maria Montessori (1870–1952), a practicing Catholic who developed a way of teaching young children about God according to their own needs.

University of Mary, a small liberal arts college in North Dakota, will serve as the home for the new institute, which organizers hope will become the center of Catholic Montessori education.

JoAnn Schulzetenberg, the executive director and visionary for the program, said she plans for the institute to become a center for networking, mentorship, and connection.

“I envision a worldwide network where individuals — whether establishing new environments, enhancing existing ones, or simply seeking guidance — can come together to connect, find mentorship, and inspire future generations to continue the Montessori tradition,” she told CNA.

Schulzetenberg, who has spent more than 20 years as a Montessori practitioner, said she hopes the program will bring new life to Catholic education.

Montessori education prioritizes holistic development, emotional and cognitive growth, intrinsic motivation, community engagement, and global citizenship, according to Schulzetenberg. 

“Dr. Montessori’s method emphasizes respect for each child’s unique development, encouraging autonomy, exploration, and intellectual, social, and emotional growth,” Schulzetenberg said. 

“She specifically designed materials and an environment to influence mainstream education and special education,” Schulzetenberg said. “This was incredibly important as her method could be utilized in every culture across the globe.”

An estimated 22,000 Montessori education programs exist across 110 countries — but the institute is the first of its kind.

“It is my prayer that this movement will revive and strengthen Catholic schools at risk of closure, breathing new life into Catholic education on a global scale,” she said.

All students and educators seeking CMI certification will begin their training at University of Mary followed by both in-person and online courses over a year. The training program will be run by the Association Montessori Internationale, the organization Montessori co-founded “to safeguard the method’s integrity, ensuring faithful transmission across generations to come,” according to Schulzetenberg. In addition, UMary already offers a fully online master of education degree in Catholic Montessori.

Schulzetenberg said she hopes the institute will “cultivate a global community of Montessori educators who are committed to integrating Dr. Maria Montessori’s authentic pedagogy with their Catholic faith.”

null / Credit: blvdone/Shutterstock

CNA Staff, Jun 24, 2025 / 06:00 am (CNA).

The Catholic Church’s enduring commitment to support human rights — anchored in a fundamental understanding of what it means to be human — has taken on renewed urgency amid recent global conflicts such as the Russia-Ukraine war, the war in Gaza, and humanitarian crises like the political fight over migration in the United States.

In his first weeks as pontiff, the newly elected Pope Leo XIV, who chose his name in honor of his predecessor Pope Leo XIII, has emphasized Christ’s call for peace and the respect for the dignity of all people. Papal biographer George Weigel said Leo XIV has the opportunity to continue Leo XIII’s vision of the Church as a “great institutional promoter and defender of basic human rights” in society.

CNA spoke with V. Bradley Lewis, dean of the School of Philosophy at The Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., about what the Church teaches on human rights and how those teachings have developed over the past few centuries.

Historical roots

Lewis told CNA that contrary to a common misconception, the concept of human rights within Catholic teaching is not a recent addition but rather has roots extending back to the Church’s constant teaching on human dignity, and later in the development of canon law and the thought of theologians such as St. Thomas Aquinas — even if the specific terminology of “human rights” developed relatively recently.

“There’s an important sense in which it was not a new thing in modern times, and in which it’s always been a part of the Catholic tradition,” Lewis said. 

The Catholic Church has always affirmed the inherent dignity of every human person as a creation in God’s image (see the Catechism of the Catholic Church, No. 1700). All people have an inherent worth as composites of a mortal body and an immortal soul, and all people are called to have a relationship with God, their creator. 

“Every human person, created in the image of God, has the natural right to be recognized as a free and responsible being. All owe to each other this duty of respect. The right to the exercise of freedom, especially in moral and religious matters, is an inalienable requirement of the dignity of the human person. This right must be recognized and protected by civil authority within the limits of the common good and public order” (Catechism of the Catholic Church, No. 1738). 

Natural law

All rights, from a Catholic perspective, are grounded in natural law, which Lewis said provides the essential context for properly understanding and defending human rights from a Catholic perspective. 

There is a right to life because, according to the natural moral law, life is a good that must be protected, Lewis wrote in a 2019 article for the National Catholic Register, CNA’s sister news partner. True human rights, then, are derived from natural law and contribute to human flourishing and reasonable ways of living together, he explained.

A problematic way to view rights, he continued, is as purely individual possessions or forms of “individual sovereignty” asserted against others; in contrast, the Catholic way of understanding rights sees them as a framework for understanding and regulating relationships between people within a community.

Various kinds of rights

“There clearly are certain human rights that are absolutely necessary: like the right to life, not to be intentionally killed as an innocent person; rights to religious freedom; rights to family life; things like this. And then there’s lots of other rights that we have that are just legal rights, that can be limited in various ways,” Lewis said.

“And then there are some ‘rights’ that are just totally made up, and that means they could be unmade depending on what we want,” he continued, specifically mentioning in his article societal claims to the existence of “abortion rights, the so-called right to die, homosexual and transgender rights.”

Pope Leo XIII — Leo XIV’s literal and spiritual predecessor — emphasized the rights of workers and the right to private property in his writings as pope from 1878 to 1903. Rerum Novarum, Leo XIII’s foundational document in Catholic social teaching that addressed the challenges of the industrial revolution, emphasizes a need for reforms to protect the dignity of the working class while maintaining a relationship with capital and the existence of private property.

Recent developments

In 1948, in the wake of World War II, the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), influenced in part by the thought of Catholic philosopher Jacques Maritain, whose work emphasizing the importance of human rights as part of human dignity indirectly influenced the discourse around the declaration, although he wasn’t directly involved in its drafting.

The Church’s teaching developed further throughout the 20th century; St. John XXIII’s 1963 encyclical letter Pacem in Terris includes an extensive catalogue of human rights, including the right to life, the right to respect and to a good name, and the right to education as well as the right to “bodily integrity and to the means necessary for the proper development of life, particularly food, clothing, shelter, medical care, rest, and, finally, the necessary social services.”

“In human society one man’s natural right gives rise to a corresponding duty in other men; the duty, that is, of recognizing and respecting that right. Every basic human right draws its authoritative force from the natural law, which confers it and attaches to it its respective duty. Hence, to claim one’s rights and ignore one’s duties, or only half fulfill them, is like building a house with one hand and tearing it down with the other,” St. John XXIII wrote in Pacem in Terris. 

The Second Vatican Council’s 1965 Dignitatis Humanae further affirmed the importance of religious freedom, saying this right “has its foundation in the very dignity of the human person as this dignity is known through the revealed word of God and by reason itself.”

The relative lateness of these latter writings might lead some people to believe that the Catholic Church “discovered” human rights in the mid-20th century, which is not correct, Lewis said. Rather, the underlying concepts of what we now call human rights have been present among Catholic thinkers for centuries, even if not explicitly named or discussed in the same focal way; for example, within medieval canon law — which became a highly developed legal system — discussions of rights can be found. 

“Rights really come into our tradition, really the Western tradition, through law. I think wherever you have a very highly developed legal system and system of legal reasoning, you find an attention to rights. There was more of it there in the legal tradition than there was, for example, among theologians,” Lewis continued.

Lewis said the development of the idea of human rights was in part a response to the rise of modern states and governments.

He noted that the modern state possesses an unprecedented ability to exercise concentrated power, due in large part to technology. This power can enable both incredible good and terrible oppression, and given this modern power, human rights are essential protections against potential state overreach and oppression.

“I don’t know anybody who’d want to live in a modern state without the protection afforded [by] human rights. We don’t live in medieval villages or ancient Greek city states anymore. We live in these incredibly powerful modern states. [Government power] has to be limited,” Lewis said.

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CNA Staff, Jun 23, 2025 / 18:43 pm (CNA).

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is investigating a Michigan health care provider for allegedly firing a medical professional who refused to participate in sex reassignment surgeries.

According to the June 20 announcement, HHS is investigating the unnamed health care group for allegedly firing a medical professional after she requested religious accommodations in order not to assist in sex trait modification procedures or use pronouns that do not align with biology — practices she said she opposes due to her religious beliefs.

The department’s Office for Civil Rights (OCR), which handles enforcement of health care conscience protections, initiated the investigation under conscience protection laws known as the “Church Amendments,” according to the press release.

The Church Amendments are a series of laws that protect people from discrimination in health care by the government or groups that receive government funding based on their exercise of religious beliefs or moral convictions.

Though the group under investigation remained unnamed by the HHS, the release described it as an “an organizational health care provider” within a “major health system” in Michigan.

The investigation comes amid renewed efforts by the current administration to enforce conscience protections.

HHS secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., during his confirmation hearing, said he would investigate conscience rights, and last month the department began a review of a hospital following reports that the hospital had denied ultrasound technicians exemptions from participating in abortions. This month’s investigation is the third in a series of HHS conscience freedom investigations.

OCR Director Paula M. Stannard said the office “is committed to enforcing federal conscience laws in health care.”

“Health care workers should be able to practice both their professions and their faith,” Stannard said in a statement.

In addition to renewed federal interest in conscience protections, the state of Idaho recently passed legislation to bolster religious freedom protections for doctors, nurses, and other medical professionals when they object to performing certain procedures or providing certain services.